Explore electric fields between two electrons with distance conversions, vector directions, force, potential, energy, worked steps, examples, and convenient export tools for study practice.
Electric field: E = k|q|/r²
Coulomb force: F = ke²/r²
Electric potential: V = kq/r
Pair potential energy: U = ke²/r
Electron charge: −1.602176634E-19 C
Coulomb constant: 8987551792.3 N·m²/C²
Vacuum permittivity: 8.8541878128E-12 F/m
Two electrons carry identical negative electric charges. Each electron creates an electric field around itself. The field points toward a negative source charge. Therefore, the field direction depends on observation position. Distance strongly changes the field strength. The relationship follows an inverse square law. Doubling distance reduces field magnitude by four. Halving distance increases field magnitude by four. This calculator applies Coulomb's constant in vacuum. It also uses the exact elementary charge value.
Electric fields are vectors, not simple unsigned numbers. Direction matters when two fields are combined. This calculator defines rightward fields as positive. Leftward fields receive negative signs. At the midpoint, both field magnitudes are equal. Their directions oppose, so they cancel completely. Outside the two electrons, their fields usually reinforce. Between them, their fields oppose each other. Superposition means adding both signed field contributions. The same principle extends to many charges.
The electrons also exert forces on each other. Because both charges are negative, their force is repulsive. Force magnitude follows the same inverse square dependence. Electric potential behaves differently because it is scalar. Potentials from both electrons add without vector directions. Electron potential is negative around each source. Pair potential energy is positive for two electrons. Positive pair energy reflects repulsive electrostatic interaction. Smaller separation produces larger force and potential energy. These ideal equations assume point charges in vacuum.
Atomic distances are commonly expressed using nanometers or picometers. Angstrom units are also useful in atomic physics. Automatic conversion prevents mistakes between these small units. Scientific notation keeps extremely large fields readable. Significant figures help match experimental measurement precision. Avoid placing observations exactly on either electron. The point-charge field becomes mathematically unbounded there. Real quantum systems require deeper physical models. This calculator focuses on classical electrostatic relationships. It remains useful for homework, classroom study, and conceptual checks.
| Separation | Field at other electron | Force | Pair energy |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.05 nm | 5.760e+11 N/C | 9.228e-8 N | 4.614e-18 J |
| 0.10 nm | 1.440e+11 N/C | 2.307e-8 N | 2.307e-18 J |
| 0.50 nm | 5.760e+9 N/C | 9.228e-10 N | 4.614e-19 J |
| 1.00 nm | 1.440e+9 N/C | 2.307e-10 N | 2.307e-19 J |
No. It is zero only at their exact midpoint for equal charges.
They have charges with the same sign, producing repulsive force.
Electric field and force both decrease to one quarter.
The electron has negative charge, so its scalar potential is negative.
Yes. Enter a negative position or one beyond electron two.
No. It uses the classical point-charge electrostatic model.
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